How to prepare your vegetable patch in spring

When to prepare the soil

In autumn and at the start of spring, you will have to think about preparing the soil for the upcoming season. 

Preparing the soil in a vegetable garden or patch is especially important

Especially in the vegetable garden, the preparation of the soil is crucial as it results in a fine,looseearth, that surrounds the seeds in a consistent way. This is favorable to the seed's successful germination and strong roots. 

Working the soil during periods of frost is not recommended. It's better to wait for the soil to be properly drained, or that the excess water has evacuated due to gravity. A slightly dryer surface soil will be easier to work.

Removing weeds  

In the spring, when the soil is slowly heating up, biological activity re-emerges and weeds start to grow. It's important to remove them before they get too big. 
To eliminate weeds without chemicals, there's only one proven method: the manual one, using a tool like the weeder, hoe, or for highly motivated people, by rolling up one's sleeves and removing them by hand.

Ground work

Preparing the soil before sowing or planting itself consists of using a certain number of tools in order to obtain a very fine surface soil (the finer the better, as the seeds are small) and free of weeds. When transplanting plants, the standards can be lowered a bit, although the soil must be loose to promote proper rooting.

What tools should I use to prepare the soil?

The first step in soil preparation is traditionally ploughing or tilling the soil. To accomplish this, one can use a spade  or a garden fork. Another tool, one that has become very popular recently, is the  fork hoe, equipped with two prongs. It is also referred to as a cantebury or double headed fork, or even a biofork, and has the distinct advantage of not only saving time and energy, but also avoiding upsetting the layers of the soil. It therefore better respects all the underground microfauna.

The next range of tools are useful for breaking up mounds, like the claw weeder  or garden fork. They are similar to a typical muck fork except they have curved teeth, allowing for the removal of roots and pebbles at the same time. During this phase, fertilizer or compost can already be incorporated, so it will sit a few centimeters deep.

Last but not least, the rake is the finishing tool used to achieve an even finer soil, level its surface of the soil and remove any remaining weeds, big clumps or pebbles. Once prepared in this way, a surface is referred to as a "seedbed". This last step is not always essential, especially for crops (potatoes, cabbage plants, tomatoes ...).

In larger gardens, motorized equipment is used. The tiller  is used for ploughing and the cultivator for tilling.

For compact areas, it's best to avoid tillers or other rotating devices and stick to manual tools. The tiller, all things considered, has a number of disadvantages: it actually splits the plants' roots, some of which can become even more invasive, like quackgrass and bindweed. It also disturbs the different layers of the soil, and kills whole regiments of worms.

What to do with the mulch?

If you had the good idea to preserve the soil in mulch during the fall, you have already probably skipped the digging/ploughing step.

Now is the time to remove the mulch, or rather what remains of it after nature's small hands (fauna and micro-organisms) have broken it down. Add it to your compost pile: everything can be re-used. Once laid bare, the soil will warm up faster from direct contact with the sun's rays. You can slightly loosen the soil with a garden hook, as it will remove any dry weeds and sproutlings that have started to grow under the mulch.

Fertiliser le sol

Spring is the right time to add compost, as it be can incorporated in the first 10 centimeters by simply removing the first layer of soil with a garden fork. The compost should however be ripe, and free of worms. Worms are a sign that the compost is still maturing. You can also add dehydrated manure  (powder or granules) or a fertilizer, as long as it is safe for the plants.

After using a green fertilizer

If you have used a green manure in autumn (rye, crimson clover etc.) then March or April is the time to grind it up, using a lawnmower  equipped with a mulching system. The remains should then be shallowly buried and left alone for at least 1 month before sowing or planting. If you are skilled in handling the scythe, get ready to use it. The sickle can also be used for smaller areas. The last step is gather your harvest, and add it to your compost pile. You can now work your soil with the spade or garden fork.

Gardening advice

At the start of  March, do not forget to germinate the potatoes destined to be planted. This process starts about 5 weeks before the anticipated sowing date, as you will need to spread them in a lit and cool area, while making sure it's not too cold. When the sprouts are 1 cm long, they are ready to be planted.

Split up the different plants, such as mint, sorrel, oregano and tarragon before sowing. Finally, one last piece of advice: if you have not done so during the winter, inspect your tools: repair those that have seen better days, change any handles that are looking fragile. There is nothing is more frustrating than having to stop working because of a broken tool!

More Information

For garden lovers and enthusiasts who want more know-how, follow the links below for gardening related accessories, advice for our editors and more gardening guides:

• How to weed your garden?
• How to choose your weeding tools?
• How to choose your tools for working the soil?
• How to choose and maintain your tool handles?
• How to choose your lawnmower?
• How to choose your tiller or cultivator?
• How to choose your cultivator?
• How to choose your fertilizer?
• How to choose your compost?
• How to choose your mulch?
• How to choose your weed killer?
• When to prepare your seedlings?
• When to plant a tree?
• How to choose your soil?
• How to prepare your soil for a kitchen garden?
• How to choose your planters?
• How to choose your greenhouse?
• How to choose your watering can or sprinkler?

And for month by month guides:

• What to plant or sow in March?
• What flowers should I plant in March?
• Which vegetables should I plant in March?
• Which vegetables should I plant in April?
• What flowers should I plant in April?
• Which vegetables should I plant in May?
• What flowers should I plant in May?
• Which vegetables should I plant in June?
• What flowers should I plant in June?
• What should I sow or plant in my garden in July?
• What should I sow or plant in my garden in August?
• What should I sow or plant in my garden in September?